Bava Batra 233:1

<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> תנן כמאן דאמר ליוצאי מצרים נתחלקה הארץ

<b><i>GEMARA</i></b>. Our Mishnah thus agrees<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'we learnt (in our Mishnah)'. ');">¹</span> with [the opinion of] him who said [that] the land [of Canaan] was divided according 'to those who came out of Egypt.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' According to the number of men that left Egypt and not according to the number that entered Canaan. If, e.g., one of those who came out of Egypt had five sons, while another had only one son, and these six sons entered Canaan, each of the five received only a fifth of his father's share while the one received his father's full share. ');">²</span> For it was taught: R. Josiah said: The land [of Canaan] was divided according to those who came out' of Egypt,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' According to the number of men that left Egypt and not according to the number that entered Canaan. If, e.g., one of those who came out of Egypt had five sons, while another had only one son, and these six sons entered Canaan, each of the five received only a fifth of his father's share while the one received his father's full share. ');">²</span>

דתניא ר' יאשיה אומר ליוצאי מצרים נתחלקה הארץ שנא' (במדבר כו, נה) לשמות מטות אבותם ינחלו אלא מה אני מקיים (במדבר כו, נג) לאלה תחלק הארץ בנחלה לאלה כאלה להוציא את הטפלים

for it is said, according to the names of the tribes of their fathers<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Those who came out of Egypt. ');">³</span> they shall inherit.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Num, XXVI. 55. ');">⁴</span> To what, however, may [the verse], Unto these<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Implying, those who entered the land. ');">⁵</span>

ר' יונתן אומר לבאי הארץ נתחלקה הארץ שנאמר לאלה תחלק הארץ בנחלה אלא מה אני מקיים לשמות מטות אבותם ינחלו משונה נחלה זו מכל נחלות שבעולם שכל נחלות שבעולם חיין יורשין מתים וכאן מתים יורשין חיין

the land shall be divided for an inheritance,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. 53. ');">⁶</span> he applied? — Unto these, [means] 'like these',<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Referring to those that were numbered (ibid. 51), who were twenty years of age and upward. ');">⁷</span> excluding the minors.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Under twenty. Only those who were at least twenty years of age at the Exodus were included in the number of those to whom the land was divided. Any one under twenty, when leaving Egypt, could only take the share of his father in part or in full according to whether he had brothers or not. ');">⁸</span>

אמר רבי אמשול לך משל למה הדבר דומה לשני אחין כהנים שהיו בעיר אחת לאחד יש לו בן אחד ואחד יש לו שני בנים והלכו לגורן זה שיש לו בן אחד נוטל חלק אחד וזה שיש לו שני בנים נוטל שני חלקים ומחזירין אצל אביהן וחוזרין וחולקין בשוה

R. Jonathan said: The land was divided according to those who entered the land,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Not according to the number of those who came out of Egypt. If, e.g., two men came out of Egypt, and five sons of the one and one son of the other entered Canaan, the former received five shares the latter only one. ');">⁹</span> for it is said. Unto these<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Implying, those who entered the land. ');">⁵</span> the land shall be divided for an inheritance.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. 53. ');">⁶</span>

רבי שמעון בן אלעזר אומר

To what, however, may, according to the tales of the tribes of their fathers<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Those who came out of Egypt. ');">³</span> they shall inherit, he applied? — [To the following:] This [manner of] inheritance is different from all [other modes of] inheritance<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'inheritances'. ');">¹⁰</span> in the world; for, in [the case of] all [other] successions in the world, the living are heirs to the dead but, in this case, the dead were heirs to the living.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Those who entered Canaan received shares according to their number, but the total of the shares was again divided in accordance with the number of their fathers who came out of Egypt. If two brothers, for example. came out of Egypt and died, and five sons of the one, and one son of the other entered Canaan, every son received a share, Six shares being allotted to the six sons. All these shares were then transferred to their fathers whose number was two (the dead being heirs to the living), and divided into two shares, each, of course, representing three of the original shares. The five sons thus received between them three of the original shares only, while the one son received for himself alone also three such shares. ');">¹¹</span> Rabbi said: I will give you an example to which this thing may be compared. To two brothers, priests, who were in one town. One had one son and the other had two sons, and these went to the threshing-floor.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To collect their priestly dues. ');">¹²</span> He who has one son receives one portion, and the one who has two sons receives two portions. They<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The two brothers. ');">¹³</span> [then] return [with the three portions] to their father,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Whose estate has not yet been divided between them, in which case all acquisitions are pooled in the estate (cf. infra 137b). And since the three shares thus revert to their father, they inherit from him in equal shares. ');">¹⁴</span> and re-divide [the total] in equal shares. R. Simeon b. Eleazar said: